British energy firm in the dock over Amazon project

Exploration of remote Peruvian region could spell disaster for hitherto
uncontacted tribespeople

By Guy Adams in Los Angeles

Sunday, 6 September 2009

A Peruvian Amazonian protest against the exploitation of their land

It sounds like a recipe for environmental catastrophe: 42,000 bags of
cement, 10,000 planks and a fleet of tractors being airlifted deep into
the Amazon rainforest to establish whether a remote and unspoiled region
of northern Peru can be turned into Latin America's next great oilfield.

It could also spell human tragedy. That, at least, is the claim before
Lima's constitutional court, where a British energy company will this week
stand accused of orchestrating an exploration project that will
"ethnically cleanse" two of the world's last remaining uncontacted tribes.

Perenco, a London-based oil and gas firm, is being sued by Peru's
350,000-strong native Indian community over plans to bring its chainsaws,
incinerators and heavy-lifting equipment into "Lot 67," a vast, secluded
area of the Marañon basin near Peru's border with Ecuador.

The company wants to establish whether the region has exploitable oil
reserves. But rooting around in the area may also result in the Pananujuri
and Taromenane tribes, who are said to inhabit the jungle's deepest
reaches, coming into contact with outsiders for the first time.

That would represent a humanitarian disaster. So-called "first contact"
with tribes that have never encountered the outside world typically kills
50-80 per cent of their population, since they have no immunity to
diseases that are perfectly common elsewhere.

With this in mind, Perenco's presence recently prompted protests in the
towns of Peru's north-eastern region. Now Aidesep, an alliance of the
country's indigenous tribes, has filed a lawsuit attempting to get
Perenco's exploration licence revoked.

"Perenco's proposed exploration is unconstitutional," said Stephen Corry
of Survival International, a human rights organisation working with
Aidesep. "It amounts to taking away tribespeople's land. It destroys their
ecosystem, pollutes their rivers, and drives away the game they rely on
for food.

"Most of all, of course, it will kill them. These tribes have never been
exposed to things like cold and flu, and their immune systems won't be
able to cope. History shows that contact as slight as exchanging a shirt,
or a few objects, with outsiders can decimate entire communities."

Lima's constitutional court will consider Aidesep's lawsuit this week. Its
ruling is expected to hinge largely on the question of whether the
Pananujuri and Taromenane tribes actually exist. Despite strong anecdotal
evidence, including sightings of spears, footprints and what appear to be
dwellings in the region, their presence has never been definitively
proven. Perenco denies that any uncontacted tribes exist. To back up its
claims, the firm has commissioned researchers to survey the region.

"There have been a number of surveys conducted and there has been no
evidence of uncontacted tribes on Lot 67," a spokesman for the firm said.
"Perenco is proud of its track record of responsible activity and is
pleased to be supporting the local communities in the areas it operates."

The court case puts Perenco at the centre of a heated debate. For months,
Peru's indigenous communities have been protesting against government
plans to open their homelands to energy and mining companies.

The row burst on to the international radar in June, with a massacre that
became known as "the Amazon's Tiananmen". Dozens were killed and hundreds
wounded when Peruvian police fired on tribespeople demonstrating near the
town of Bagua Grande.

That spiralled into a political crisis for President Alan Garcia, who
claims the proposed development will revolutionise Peru's economy, combat
poverty and turn the country into a major oil exporter. This week, the UN
entered the fray, calling on the government to allow an international
investigation into the Bagua Grande killings.